| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Blackfoot Fiber, Building Material Used to make the framework of the sweat lodges. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 30 |
| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Costanoan Fiber, Basketry Shoots used in basketry. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 249 |
| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Costanoan Other, Fuel Twigs used for kindling. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 249 |
| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Flathead Fiber, Basketry Willow made into baskets cemented with gum and used to cook fish. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 22 |
| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Havasupai Fiber, Basketry Young shoots used for basketry. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 215 |
| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Havasupai Other, Tools Used to make tongs for removing cactus fruit. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 215 |
| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Jemez Fiber, Building Material Straight branches used for the inside roofs. Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27 |
| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Karok Fiber, Basketry Roots scraped, dried and used on the inside of the overlaid twined baskets. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381 |
| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Karok Fiber, Basketry Stems used for the main ribs in baskets as an alternate for Corylus stems. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 53 |
| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Karok Fiber, Basketry Twigs used to make the warp sticks for twined baskets. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381 |
| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Kawaiisu Fiber, Building Material Used as the poles for the winterhouse and sweathouse construction. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 61 |
| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Kawaiisu Fiber, Building Material Used in house construction. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 61 |
| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Kawaiisu Food, Candy Sticky, sweet substance relished like candy and honey. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 61 |
| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Kawaiisu Other, Containers Twigs with leaves used as 'wrappers' to hold buckeye nuts and fish. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 61 |
| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Kawaiisu Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Used to make bows and arrows for hunting small game and birds. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 61 |
| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Kawaiisu Other, Smoking Tools Twigs with leaves used as 'wrappers' to hold tobacco. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 61 |
| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Kawaiisu Other, Tools Used to make long needles for sewing tule into mats. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 61 |
| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Kawaiisu Other, Toys & Games Split stems used to make clappers and whistles. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 61 |
| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Keres, Western Fiber, Basketry Young branches used to make baskets. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 67 |
| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Keres, Western Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Young branches used to make mats. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 67 |
| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Lakota Fiber, Building Material Branches used for building sweatlodges. Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 33 |
| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Lakota Other, Fasteners Peeled bark used for tying together sweatlodge poles. Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 33 |
| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Mandan Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Leaves woven into mats and used in the sweat tepees. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 22 |
| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Montana Indian Drug, Adjuvant Poles used for framework of 'sweat tepee' for colds and rheumatism. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 22 |
| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Montana Indian Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Poles used for framework of 'sweat tepee' for rheumatism. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 22 |
| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Montana Indian Drug, Cold Remedy Poles used for framework of 'sweat tepee' for colds. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 22 |
| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Montana Indian Drug, Febrifuge Bark used for certain fevers. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 22 |
| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Montana Indian Fiber, Cordage Used extensively for cordage. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 22 |
| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Navajo Food, Beverage Leaves used to make a drink 'like orange juice.' Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 155 |
| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Navajo Food, Fodder Leaves and bark used as food for both wild and domesticated animals. Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 155 |
| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Navajo Food, Forage Leaves and bark used as food for both wild and domesticated animals. Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 155 |
| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Decoction of leaves used as ceremonial emetic. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 22 |
| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Emetic Decoction of leaves used as ceremonial emetic. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 22 |
| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Navajo, Ramah Other, Ceremonial Items Stem used to make Lightningway hoop. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 22 |
| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Okanagan-Colville Fiber, Clothing Bark twisted into cord and used to make bags and dresses. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Okanagan-Colville Fiber, Cordage Bark used to make excellent cord. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Okanagan-Colville Fiber, Sewing Material Bark used for sewing birch bark onto basket frames. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Okanagan-Colville Other, Containers Bark twisted into cord and used to make bags and dresses. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Okanagan-Colville Other, Containers Branches used under fish to keep them clean. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Okanagan-Colville Other, Fasteners Bark twisted into cord and used to tie things together. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Paiute, Northern Drug, Venereal Aid Decoction of dried roots taken for venereal diseases. Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 128 |
| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Paiute, Northern Fiber, Basketry Used to make baskets. Fowler, Catherine S., 1990, Tule Technology: Northern Paiute Uses of Marsh Resources in Western Nevada, Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press, page 75 |
| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Pomo Fiber, Basketry Used for basket body material. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 296 |
| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Pomo, Kashaya Drug, Throat Aid Decoction of bark or leaves used for sore throats. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 118 |
| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Pomo, Kashaya Drug, Throat Aid Infusion of leaves used for laryngitis. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 118 |
| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Pomo, Kashaya Fiber, Basketry Root used in twined baskets. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 118 |
| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Pomo, Kashaya Fiber, Basketry Switches used for twined baskets and foundations in coiled baskets. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 118 |
| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Pomo, Kashaya Fiber, Building Material Large branches used as the framework for thatched summer homes, sudatories and other construction. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 118 |
| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Tewa Fiber, Basketry Used for basketry. Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 49 |
| Salix exigua Nutt. Sandbar Willow USDA SAEX |
Tolowa Fiber, Basketry Roots used in basketry. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 53 |